No, that's not possible. You need to understand that the left pane is just controlling what sample data you see. Any filters and row limits apply to the data sample only, not to the export. In fact these sample settings don't apply to the following recipe in flow either, so it's best you leave data unfiltered when exploring datasets as it can lead to confusion for less advanced Dataiku users that could confuse filters when exploring datasets (which no effect in the data outputs) with filters in recipes (which obviously do have an effect in the data outputs).
You can however limit the amount of rows you export by clicking in the Advanced Properties in the export dialog. You are not able to filter data in exports though.
There are better way to explore datasets. Either use a SQL Notebook or a Python Notebook. Or use recipes as advised above and keep them in a different flow zone so you know they are for analysis only/
